Eclectic Anecdotes

Bernard Nathanson was one of the leading abortion advocates in America. He was blunt in describing the demographics of abortionists: “For some reason Jewish doctors seem to be attracted to abortion work,”[1] he said. Nathanson was recruited by Larry Lader, and the two of them became the Jewish representatives of abortion in New York. Lader was referred to by Betty Friedan as “the father of the abortion movement.”[2] Nathanson wrote:

I worked hard to make abortion legal, affordable, and available on demand. In 1968, I was one of the three founders of the National Abortion Rights Action League [NARAL]. I ran the largest abortion clinic in the United States, and as its director I oversaw tens of thousands of abortions. I have performed thousands myself.[3]

A 1980 survey found that Jews comprise 17% of NARAL members.[4] Nathanson indicts himself and the founders of NARAL for the passage of abortion protection resulting from Roe v. Wade:

I was one of the founders of the National Association for the Repeal of the Abortion Laws in the U.S. in 1968. A truthful poll of opinion then would have found that most Americans were against permissive abortion. Yet within five years we had convinced the Supreme Court to issue the decision which legalized abortion throughout America in 1973 and produced virtual abortion on demand up to birth.[5]

After presiding over 75,000 abortions, including his own child, Nathanson’s guilt overwhelmed him, and he eventually became pro-life. Nathanson would then convert to Catholicism, saying that “no religion matches the special role for forgiveness that is afforded by the Catholic Church,”[6] but there may have been more to his conversion. Nathanson said that:

The discussion… has been muddied by a resort to a particularly vicious brand of anti-Catholicism, as many of you know, in the press. There have been ongoing attempts to paint this movement [the pro-life movement] as a Catholic movement, and there have been almost heartbreaking lies and libel in the press on this score. If you ever substituted for the word Catholic, in many of these publications the word Jewish or black, you would be immediately castigated. The press would destroy you. However, because the word Catholic is used, it appears to be allowable.[7]

Due to the overrepresentation of Jews in media, and the growing weakness of the Church to defend itself against attacks, there was no serious blowback from attacking Catholics. Nathanson’s conversion was most likely due to his feeling that Jews used abortion as a direct attack against Catholic values. Since so many Protestants joined Jews in their abortion campaign, and it was an Opus Dei priest who worked tirelessly to convert him, the Catholic Church was the sole operating body to defend objective morality. He wrote of the failure of Protestants in stopping the passage of abortion laws: “In the public mind Protestant America is America, and had Protestant opposition been organized and vociferous early on, permissive abortion might have been perceived as somehow anti-American, the spawn of a cadre of wild-eyed Jewish radicals in New York city.”[8]

One Rabbi surmised that his perception of Jews in the abortion industry drove his conversion: “There may be a deeper reason to Nathanson’s disenchantment, the rabbi guesses, which has to do with the high level of Jews involved in the abortion business. Nathanson has written of the high percentage of Jewish abortionists. The new national leader of Planned Parenthood, who comes on board in June, is Gloria Feldt, a Jew.”[9]

The Rabbi mentioned the omnipresent role of Jews involved in the abortion industry, but tried to backpedal in the same thought by denying that real Judaism doesn’t support abortion:

And there’s no question about it. Boston Herald columnist Don Feder points out nearly half of the religious organizations endorsing abortion are Jewish in spite of Jews being 2.3 percent of the U.S. population, not 50 percent. The Jewish community is disproportionately represented in the pro-abortion movement. This taking up the cudgels for abortion is not by any means an expression of Judaism. It is a rejection of God and a rejection of the religious core of Judaism, and in those terms I understand why Bernard Nathanson had to seek another faith.[10]

The New York Rabbi Yehuda Levin claimed:

Atheism, Gay Marriage, Intermarriage, Non-Kosher Food, Partial-Birth Abortion – all of these are legitimate mainstream ideas within Reform ‘Judaism.’ Judaism has lost more Jews through the efforts of Reform than through Hitler’s gas ovens.[11]

Rabbi David Novak is one of the founders of America’s leading neoconservative magazine, First Things. He makes many baseless claims, such as that Nostra Aetate says that Jews do not need to convert to Catholicism to be saved.[12] When it comes to Jews and abortion, he says that the “position of the tradition is that abortion is prohibited unless the fetus is a threat to the life of the mother, which is extremely, extremely rare these days with prenatal care,” and “The only basis of dispute is how widely or narrowly does one interpret a threat to the mother’s life.” Commenting on Jews who work in the abortion industry and “say their work is rooted in their Jewish values,” he ignores their reasoning and says, “Clearly, liberalism has become their religion and it’s not based on the Jewish perspective.”[13]

Levin and Novak are wrong to assert that Jewish support of abortion is not monolithic, or is simply constricted to Reform Judaism or “liberalism.” According to poll data of American Jews published by Pew Research, 83% of Jews support abortion,[14] yet only 35% of Jews are of Reform Judaism,[15] and 78% of Jews are religious. The problem isn’t some specific branch of Judaism. It is the overwhelming pervasive belief of all Jews, driven by a disdain for Logos. King Herod attempted to prevent the Logos from living by ordering the slaughter of the Holy Innocents, and the slaughter of innocents has continued in modern times, led by Jews because of their rejection of reason, with reason being that which originates with Logos.

Furthermore, one can go back to the Oral Torah to find that abortion was tolerated since the formation of Judaism following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. An article from My Jewish Learning claims that:

An unborn fetus in Jewish law is not considered a person (Heb. nefesh, lit. “soul”) until it has been born. The fetus is regarded as a part of the mother’s body and not a separate being until it begins to egress from the womb during parturition (childbirth). In fact, until forty days after conception, the fertilized egg is considered as “mere fluid.”[16]

Because of the diverse opinions of Rabbinic commentators on abortion, “many Orthodox rabbis are cautious about laying down firm standards, insisting instead that cases be judged individually.”[17] As Rabbi Raymond A. Zwerin and Rabbi Richard J. Shapiro conclude, “The fetus is not a person; it has no rights. Questions of ensoulment, while interesting, are essentially irrelevant. Thus, abortion becomes permissible, according to the vast majority of authorities, under a wide variety of circumstances,” and because of the “the general leniency in matters of abortion, as well as to a long-standing Jewish insistence on the separation of religion and government in American life, all four non-Orthodox Jewish movements – Reform, Reconstructionist, Conservative and Humanist – are on record opposing any governmental regulation of abortion.”[18]

There have been claims that the murder of abortion providers has been due to anti-Semitism, which is easy to see as false:

The Feminist Daily News Wire noted “Four of the five abortion providers shot by a sniper in the Upstate New York/Canadian region since 1994 were Jewish. The ADL believes that this is not a coincidence.” According to that news wire, “the ADL strongly believes that Jewish doctors who perform abortions are purposefully singled out by anti-abortion extremists who believe Jews are controlling the abortion industry.”

Neither Foxman nor the news wire pointed out the fact that the ethnic demographics of the abortion industry meant that anyone who set out to shoot an abortionist was likely to shoot a Jew.[19]

In the ultimate act of irony, Kenneth Roth, the head of Human Rights Watch, said that abortion is a “fundamental right,”[20] and that denying woman government-sanctioned medical abortions is akin to the Holocaust, using the term “Never Again.”[21] So much for human rights. He condemns Israel killing innocent Palestinians, but when it comes to killing babies, he is fully on board. Commenting on how to define a fetus, he said “we are in no position to take the absolutist position that this is an unborn child.”[22]

He said that:

in the case of abortion, a government may allow some scope for individual healthcare providers who hold a religious conviction to decline to perform an abortion. Yet, the space for such refusals should be closely and appropriately regulated to protect the rights of women and girls by ensuring that reasonable access to an abortion is available in the vicinity. A right to religious belief shouldn’t be used as a tactic to deny access to fundamental health care.[23]

The hypocrisy is obvious: abortions result in the death of an unborn, which would imply that Roth values the lives of physically developed women rather than unborn babies. Of course, if he really did support human rights, he would advocate for the solution which results in no deaths: no abortions, period.

The myth of women’s life being at risk due to a dangerous pregnancy is an untenable position to hold. This situation only occurred to .27% of women who received abortions in Florida for the year 2018,[24] and the moral choice is to follow the Church’s guidelines for induced labor, which at the very least will provide an opportunity for the baby to be baptized. But since baptism means nothing to Roth, he sides with the majority Jewish position of supporting abortion, or the blanket “reproductive health care” terminology which he uses.

The National Catholic Bioethics Center states “Early induction after viability, when the baby has a chance of living, can be performed only for reasons proportionate to the risks, as when the delivery needs to be performed immediately to safeguard the health of the mother or child.”[25] As for inducing labor before viability, it can allow be allowed if it meets the conditions for the principle of double effect. These conditions are:

(1) The act itself constitutes a good or is morally neutral; that is, early induction is performed to directly treat a very serious threat to the mother’s life (e.g., expel infected membranes).

(2) The good effect (treating the pathology of the mother) is intended, and the bad effect (the death of the baby), while foreseen, is not intended.

(3) The baby’s death is not the means by which the mother’s disease is treated.

And (4) the good of saving the mother’s life is proportionate to the bad effect (that is, the death of both mother and baby), and no other reasonable alternative is available.

Outside of bioethics, debates on the sanctity of life rarely include these measures, demonstrating an unfortunate lack of a deeper knowledge of the issues among pro-life advocates.

“The destruction of Jews is analogous to removing a gangrenous appendix from a diseased body,” said Nazi doctor Fritz Klein. “Abortion is precisely equivalent to operating on an appendix or removing a gangrenous bowel,” said President of Planned Parenthood Alan Frank Guttmacher, and himself a Jew.[26] Hitler’s T4 program was following the eugenics mindset of Jewish intellectuals of the Weimar Republic such as Felix Theilhaber, who founded the Society for Sexual Reform.

Another instance of hypocrisy was displayed by US Senator Chuck Schumer. Schumer was given a 100% rating by NARAL for his support of abortion in the US.[27] However, he attended a celebration hosted by the American Friends of Efrat, an Israeli anti-abortion organization seeking to increase the demographics of Israeli Jews in the face of the higher birthrate Arabs which surround Israel.[28] Does Schumer believe that Israeli lives are more important than American lives?

Pat Buchanan wrote:

Israel became home to the largest Jewish population only because the number of American Jews plummeted in the 1990s from 5.5 to 5.2 million. Six percent of the U.S. Jewish population, 300,000 Jews, vanished in a decade. By 2050, the U.S. Jewish population will shrink another 50 percent to 2.5 million. American Jews appear to be an endangered species.

Why is this happening? It is a result of the collective decision of Jews themselves. From Betty Friedan to Gloria Steinem in the 1970s to Ruth Bader Ginsburg today, Jewish women have led the battle for abortion rights. The community followed. A survey in 2000 by the Center for Jewish Community Studies in Baltimore found 88 percent of the Jewish public agreeing that “Abortion should be generally available to those who want it.”

As Jews were 2 to 3 percent of the U.S. population from Roe v. Wade to 2010, how many of the fifty million abortions since 1973 were performed on Jewish girls or women? How many Jewish children were never conceived because of birth control?

In Philip Roth’s The Counterlife, a militant Israeli character says, “what Hitler couldn’t achieve at Auschwitz, American Jews are doing to themselves in the bedroom.”[29]

One Jewish couple lamented: “Jews are being screwed out of existence. Who uses birth control? Who gets all these abortions? We’re being physically wiped out!”[30]

But it seems that many Jews are oblivious to the problem: “The October 1987 Conference on the Demography of the Jewish People in Jerusalem hardly mentioned the fact that, in 1986, there were 60,000 abortions in Israel and only 70,000 births.”[31] But yet,“There is no doubt that people who identify themselves as ‘Jews’ have led and do lead the abortion movement, not only in the United States, but all over the world.”[32]

In the late 1960s, pro-life activists observed that the abortion ‘rights’ movement was primarily motivated and led by people who called themselves Jews. About half of all abortionists and abortion clinic owners identified themselves as Jewish, which was far out of proportion with the Jewish population, which made up less than five percent of the United States population.

Dr. Kenneth Mitzner, a California aerospace engineer who founded the pro-life League Against Neo-Hitlerism, wrote in 1973 that “It is tragic but demonstrably true that most of the leaders of the pro-abortion movement are of Jewish extraction.”[33]

An article titled “The Position of the Jewish Faith on Abortion” lists a number of facts regarding Jews and abortion:

• All four original organizers of the most influential group of abortion pushers in the United States the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL) were of Jewish birth, including now pro-life Dr. Bernard Nathanson.

• Dr. Christopher Tietze worked for the Population Institute and International Planned Parenthood Federation, and did more to promote the worldwide slaughter of innocent unborn children than any other person.

• Dr. Alan Guttmacher was president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America for more than a decade, founded Planned Parenthood Physicians, and did more than any other doctor to promote abortion in this country. He also advocated mandatory abortion and sterilization for certain groups in the United States.

• Dr. Etienne-Emile Baulieu, inventor of the RU-486 abortion pill, was born in 1926 to a physician named Leon Blum. He changed his name in 1942 to escape the Nazi’s Zyklon-B gas, manufactured by the same company he works for today Roussel-Uclaf!

• Stanford professor Paul Ehrlich is the ‘father’ of the overpopulation myth. His ‘work,’ The Population Bomb, was the ‘spark’ that ignited the anti-natalist movement, even though his assumptions and research have been thoroughly debunked and discredited by scholars and leading demographers (this book predicted widespread famine in North America by 1990, with more than 40 million people dying of starvation. Instead, diet books crowd store shelves). The book, sloppily written in just two weeks, was simply the spark that the disorganized anti-population people were waiting for, and it was eagerly seized upon and used for propaganda. Like Guttmacher, he advocated forced abortions and sterilizations in the United States.

• Lawrence Lader, king of the abortion propagandists, has written several books crammed with fabrications and outright lies that have helped advance abortion all around the world. Examples of these books are Abortion and Abortion II. Lader was quoted 11 times in Roe v. Wade, because he had a message that the Justices wanted to hear. (In the same decision, testimony from the world’s leading fetologist, Dr. A. W. Liley, was totally ignored because it decisively undercut the Court’s decision). Lader also hints (screams?) at his attitude towards population control in another book entitled Breeding Ourselves to Death. Lader also founded Abortion Rights Mobilization (ARM), which sued the Internal Revenue Service in court in a failed attempt to get the tax-exempt status of the Catholic Church revoked for opposing abortion too effectively. He also was one of the leading proponents of the abortion pill RU-486.

• Henry Morgentaler of Canada opened illegal abortion clinics in the city of Toronto and performed thousands of abortions with the complicity of the city police. The court cases arising from his activism led directly to the overturning of protective abortion laws in Canada and abortion on demand.

• California and New York state legislators led the drive for legalized abortion in the United States. Legislators who constantly emphasized their Jewishness led the pro-abortion movement in both states; those leaders included state senators Anthony Bielenson in California and Albert Blumenthal in New York.

• Pro-abortion ‘Jews’ dominate such anti-life groups as the American Civil Liberties Union and People for the American Way.

• Of the 41 Jewish-born members of the U.S. Senate over the last 20 years, 32 (or 80 percent) have been stridently pro-abortion.

• Numerous liberal Jewish groups openly support and advocate abortion, including the American Jewish Committee, the American Jewish Congress, the National Council of Jewish Women, Hadassah Women, the Federation of Reconstructionist Congregations, the Jewish Labor Committee, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, B’nai B’rith Women, Na’amat USA, the National Council of Jewish Women, the National Federation of Temple Sisterhood, the New Jewish Agenda, North American Temple Youth, the United Synagogues of America, and the Women’s League for Conservative Judaism. Many of these groups were founded for the express purpose of pushing abortion.

• Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem were both born Jewish. So was France’s health minister Simone Weil, who established abortion on demand in that country despite surviving Auschwitz. At a Paris news conference, she said “We are out to destroy the family. The best way to do that is to begin by attacking its weakest member, the unborn child.”

• The officially suppressed Lichter-Rothman studies revealed the following fascinating information about the ‘movers and shakers’ of the media (both researchers, by the way, are Jewish): Leaders of the motion picture industry: 95% pro-abortion, 62% Jewish: Leaders of the television industry: 97% pro-abortion, 59% Jewish: Leaders of the news media industry: 90% pro-abortion, 23% Jewish.

• Jewish groups are in the forefront as desperate pro-abortion groups spend tens of millions of dollars in a nationwide advertising campaign to keep abortion legal. For example, the American Jewish Congress ran a ridiculous $30,000 full-page ad in the February 28, 1989 New York Times entitled “Abortion and the Sacredness of Life.” This statement, renamed “An open letter to those who would ban abortion,” and run in the March 13-19 issue of Roll Call, includes the amazing lead-in question, “Did you know that abortion can be a religious requirement? Not just permitted, but required?” The statement goes on to make the point that it is far better to kill a baby than to endanger or even mildly depress the mother.[34]

Society’s elevation of Jews to an untouchable status, especially when abortion is the issue at hand, is seen clearly in cases such as the following:

Naturally, the press gives pro-abortion ‘Jews’ great play, and excuses them from actions that it would vigorously condemn pro-lifers for. Imagine what the press would do to a pro-life activist who attacked and seriously injured a Jewish abortionist with a baseball bat! Yet, when Jewish abortionist Barnett Slepian beat a pro-life activist in the head with a baseball bat and seriously injured him, the press and abortophiles whined that pro-lifers were anti-Semitic for picketing his home!

Abortuary owner Marilynn Buckham told the Buffalo News “I think it’s [picketing] religious persecution. These ‘good Christians’ don’t respect anyone else’s religion.”

At Slepian’s trial, Amherst Town Justice Sherwood Bestry said to him “The Court feels you have suffered a great deal on account of this.” Following this “trial,” the Amherst Town Board immediately banned the picketing of homes by pro-lifers. Violators of this ordinance face a $500 fine and six months in jail.[35]

Jews have resorted to demonizing their pro-life opponents as backward and misogynistic, so it was natural that the Catholic Church would be their major target. Bernard Nathanson describes this tactic:

We systematically vilified the Catholic Church and its “socially backward ideas” and picked on the Catholic hierarchy as the villain in opposing abortion. This theme was played endlessly. We fed the media such lies as “we all know that opposition to abortion comes from the hierarchy and not from most Catholics” and “Polls prove time and again that most Catholics want abortion law reform.” And the media drum-fired all this into the American people, persuading them that anyone opposing permissive abortion must be under the influence of the Catholic hierarchy and that Catholics in favour of abortion are enlightened and forward-looking. An inference of this tactic was that there were no non-Catholic groups opposing abortion. The fact that other Christian as well as non-Christian religions were (and still are) monolithically opposed to abortion was constantly suppressed, along with pro-life atheists’ opinions.[36]

Unless Catholics are willing to come to terms with who their enemies are in the fight to end abortion, they will continue to spar with an unidentifiable and abstract foe. The names and ideologies of those responsible for the continuing genocide of unborn children must be acknowledged if pro-lifers want to have any hope of putting an end to this barbaric practice.

---

[1] E. Michael Jones, The Jewish Revolutionary Spirit and its Impact on World History (South Bend: Fidelity Press, 2008), 1043.

[2] Russell Shaw, “The ‘father of the abortion movement’ and his crusade against the Catholic Church,” Aleteia, May 26, 2022, https://aleteia.org/2022/05/26/the-father-of-the-abortion-movement-and-his-crusade-against-the-catholic-church/.

[3] Bernard Nathanson, The Hand of God: A Journey from Death to Life by the Abortion Doctor Who Changed His Mind (Washington DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2013) 5.

[4] “The abortion activists,” PubMed.gov, 1981, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7286166.

[5] Bernard Nathanson, “Confessions of an Ex-Abortionist,” Catholic Education Resource Center,” 2013, https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/controversy/abortion/confessions-of-an-ex-abortionist.html.

[6] “Eventual opponent of abortion who had performed 60,000 procedures,” The Irish Times, April 16, 2011. https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/eventual-opponent-of-abortion-who-had-performed-60-000-procedures-1.574784.

[7] “How the abortion movement started with deceit and lies–Dr Nathanson,” BMJ, March 2, 2011, https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/03/how-abortion-movement-started-deceit-and-lies-dr-nathanson.

[8] Bernard N. Nathanson, M.D., The Abortion Papers: Inside the Abortion Industry (New York: Frederick Fell Publishers, Inc., 1983), 189.

[9] Julia Duin, “Bernard Nathanson’s Conversion,” EWTN, June 1996, https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/bernard-nathansons-conversion-12002.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Yehuda Levin, “Fooling America’s Jews,” YourDictionary, November 16, 1997, https://quotes.yourdictionary.com/author/quote/594848.

[12] Zenit Staff, “The Two Key Documents of Jewish-Catholic Dialogue,” Zenit, April 18, 2002, https://zenit.org/articles/the-two-key-documents-of-jewish-catholic-dialogue/.

[13] Debra Nussbaum Cohen, “The Jewish Women Leading the Resistance in the U.S. Battle Over Abortion,” Haaretz, October 11, 2018, https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-the-jewish-women-leading-the-resistance-in-the-u-s-battle-over-abortion-1.6545400.

[14] David Masci, “American religious groups vary widely in their views of abortion,” Pew Research Center, January 22, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/22/american-religious-groups-vary-widely-in-their-views-of-abortion/.

[15] “A Portrait of Jewish Americans,” Pew Research Center, October 1, 2013, https://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/.

[16] Dr. Fred Rosner, “The Fetus in Jewish Law,” My Jewish Learning, https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-fetus-in-jewish-law/.

[17] MJL, “Abortion and Judaism,” My Jewish Learning, https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/abortion-in-jewish-thought/.

[18] Rabbi Raymond A. Zwerin and Rabbi Richard J. Shapiro, “Jewish Perspectives on Abortion,” Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice, https://rcrc.org/jewish/.

[19] E. Michael Jones, The Jewish Revolutionary Spirit and its Impact on World History (South Bend: Fidelity Press, 2008), 1044.

[20] Susan Yoshihara, “Humanity of Unborn Child Merely ‘Philosophical,’ Human Rights Watch Head Tells Rights Commission,” Center for Family & Human Rights, January 17, 2020, https://c-fam.org/friday_fax/humanity-of-unborn-child-merely-philosophical-human-rights-watch-head-tells-rights-commission/.

[21] Hillel Neuer, “HRW’s Ken Roth should apologize for trivializing the Holocaust in abortion debate,” The Times of Israel, January 23, 2017, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/hrws-ken-roth-should-apologize-for-trivializing-the-holocaust-in-abortion-debate/.

[22] Yoshihara, “Humanity of Unborn Child Merely ‘Philosophical,’ Human Rights Watch Head Tells Rights Commission.”

[23] Kenneth Roth, “Prepared Testimony to Commission on ‘Unalienable’ Rights,” Human Rights Watch, January 10, 2020, https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/10/prepared-testimony-commission-unalienable-rights.

[24] “U.S. Abortion Statistics,” Abort73.com, January 21, 2020, https://abort73.com/abortion_facts/us_abortion_statistics/.

[25] “Early Induction of Labor,” The National Catholic Bioethics Center, 2015, https://www.ncbcenter.org/files/9314/4916/3467/NCBCsummFAQ_EarlyInduction.pdf.

[26] Brian Clowes, “Why Do Pro-Lifers Compare Abortion to the Holocaust?” Human Life International, August 24, 2018, https://www.hli.org/resources/why-do-pro-lifers-use-the-holocaust-analogy-to-abortion/.

[27] “Charles Schumer on Abortion,” On The Issues, August 23, 2017, https://www.ontheissues.org/Notebook/Note_03n-NARAL.htm.

[28] Allison Deger, “‘Pro-Life? Pro-Israel?’: Israeli anti-abortion organization reaches out for US support to fight demographic war in the Jewish state,” Mondoweiss, November 15, 2013, https://mondoweiss.net/2013/11/abortion-organization-demographic/.

[29] Patrick J. Buchanan, Suicide of a Superpower (New York: St. Martin’s Publishing Group, 2011), Kindle Edition, 176.

[30] American Life League, “The Position of the Jewish Faith on Abortion,” EWTN, https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/position-of-the-jewish-faith-on-abortion-9581.

[31] Ibid.

[32] Ibid.

[33] Ibid.

[34] Ibid.

[35] Ibid.

[36] Bernard Nathanson, “Confessions of an Ex-Abortionist,” Catholic Education Resource Center, 2013,

https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/controversy/abortion/confessions-of-an-ex-abortionist.html.